The Homer Laughlin company introduced the bright, art deco Fiesta line in 1936, after much careful thought and planning of everything from the overall shape (thank you Fredrick Rhead) to the first set of colors (red was a must, and the others followed to complete and complement it) to the glaze (not too dull to make cleaning difficult and imperfections obvious, but not too shiny – just a pleasant, soft sheen).
I collect Fiesta ware (in spite of the fact that a lot of other people do) because my grandmother does, and so does my mother, but unfortunately because a lot of people collect it, prices at antique malls and flea markets can be inflated simply because it’s marked Fiesta. So it always helps to know whether a piece you’re looking at is rare and whether it’s actually vintage – whether it is what the dealer says it is. How to tell vintage from Post ‘86? Color, shape, and what’s on the underside – pin marks, backstamps, and indented marks.
The first line introduced in 1936 included (cobalt) blue, yellow, (old) ivory, (light) green, and the aforementioned (orange) red. Colors shown here, because of variations in photography and monitors, will differ slightly from actual colors, but they should still be recognizable.
The vintage Fiesta red has a bright orange cast to it, as opposed to the newer Scarlet color, which is closer to a true red.

Vintage red Fiesta 7 1/4 inch plate, available from tias.com for $15. Click image to view details.
These deep plates (sometimes called soup bowls) were introduced in 1936 after the initial release. Harder to find in medium green and red, as well as chartreuse, gray, and rose.

Deep plate (a.k.a. soup bowl) in cobalt blue, available from Rubylane for $30.
Since a single ivory fruit bowl can sell for more than the current bid, I expect the final price will be substantially higher for this nice set of four. The mark on these bowls says “HLC USA”, which could mean they are an earlier example – I believe the “HLC USA” was changed at some point to “MADE IN USA” but I’m not sure when; can anyone enlighten us?

Vintage old ivory 5 1/2 inch fruit bowls available on ebay, current bid $20.50.
Okay, so the picture below maybe isn’t the best example of yellow (which was quite bright and perhaps more of a goldenrod), but I love these little cream soup bowls. As always, these are nearly impossible to find in the medium green color.

Yellow cream soup bowl, available from goantiques.com for $35
Next we have light green – and I mean *light* green. This is to be distinguished from the sought-after medium green, which we’ll talk about later.

9 1/2 inch vintage light green Fiesta plate, available for $8 at etsy
In 1937, turquoise was added to the original colors. Though the auction below has ended, I thought it was an interesting lot:

Set of 4 turquoise compartment plates, sold for $50 on ebay
It’s interesting just to point out that the 12″ divided plate (like the 10.5″ seen here but larger) was the first item dropped from the original line in 1936, before the turquoise color was introduced. So I’m pretty sure you’ll never find plates like these in the 12″ size, but let me know if you do!
I should also give an example of one of the rarest and priciest items any Fiesta collector would love to stumble upon: the turquoise covered soup bowl.

Turquoise covered soup bowl, price: lots. Thousands.
These covered soup bowls are rare and desirable in any color, but since they were the second item to be discontinued (after the 12″ divided plate above), they weren’t in production for more than a few weeks before the turquoise color was introduced.
In 1943 the government decided it needed to use the uranium that was used in making the red glaze, so Fiesta sent its red color to war, and from 1943 – 1959, no red was made. In 1951 new colors were added. There was rose:

Vintage Fiesta rose sugar bowl without lid, opening bid $3
gray:

Vintage gray 8 1/2 inch nappy, $26
chartreuse:

Vintage chartreuse sauce boat, current bid $20
and forest (or dark) green:

Vintage forest green soup bowl, current bid $28
– very modern indeed. Medium green was introduced in 1959, a mere 10 years before all of the above was discontinued – hence its scarcity and high price tags. Some items were only available for a few years or a few months before medium green was introduced. Medium green can sometimes be confused with a heavy application of light green, especially if it’s a lighter coat of medium green, but generally it has more yellow in it – medium green is like John Deere green. The best measuring tool I’ve heard of is the green of spearmint Tic Tacs, so it actually may be worth it to have some on you next time you visit the flea market. See this guide for more information. I hesitate to even put any pictures here from ebay auctions because the pictures’ color is often inaccurate, and some may even call something medium green when it in fact is not. Are these absolutely all the vintage colors ever produced? No, some other colors (Harlequin, Riviera) may have been used for some promotional item or another – some common examples include juice or water tumblers. But that’s beyond the scope of this quickie beginner’s primer.
Next time … what’s on the bottom, and some frequently asked questions. I know I’ve asked them before, or at least wondered.